Md. Oahiduzzaman Mondol Zihad
B.Sc. in Computer Science and Engineering
North South University
SmartOil: Blockchain and smart contract-based oil supply chain management
The traditional oil supply chain suffers from various shortcomings regarding crude oil extraction, processing, distribution, environmental pollution and traceability. It offers only forward flow of products with limitations in quality inspection, fraudulent information and monopolistic behavior of supply chain entities. Inclusion of counterfeiting products and opaqueness of the system urge renovation in this sector. Technological advancement can now reshape the infrastructure of the supply chain for the future. Here, a conceptual framework utilizing blockchain and smart contract to monitor the overall oil supply chain is suggested. Blockchain is a used to monitor and support the security building of a decentralized type supply chain. The Internet of Things (IoT) sensors open a broader window to track the process and attributes in real time. A methodology to support reverse trace-ability for each participant of the supply chain is constructed. Implementation of smart contracts is also shown with detailed analysis. The challenges of implementing such a system are further described and our framework's adaptability in the real world is validated. The paper concludes with future research scope to mitigate the restrictions of data management and maintenance with advanced working prototypes and agile systems achieving greater traceability and transparency.
Revolutionizing the Industrial Internet of Things Using Blockchain: An Unified Approach
Blockchain brings some significant changes in many industries implementing a shared, decentralized public ledger. Characteristics like immutability, autonomy, and transparency make this technology desirable to all sectors. Industry 4.0 becomes more effective in building upon a concrete and robust system like blockchain since its integration provides trust, transparency, and sustainability. It can deal with several aspects of the industry like supply chain, tracking products, payments, database management, security, etc. Unlike other systems, there are some issues with company-level implementation and maintenance of blockchain. The solution to these issues can pave the way for blockchain to make industrial management more successful. In this chapter, we present a brief discussion on blockchain and its architecture. Specifically, we describe the classification and consensus mechanisms that are very important in the blockchain network. We also detail the transaction system in the blockchain. Later on, we discuss the fundamentals of Industry 4.0. Furthermore, we provide an explicit discussion on the usage of blockchain in the industry. Finally, we point out some issues that can create possible future research areas in blockchain for industries.
Blockchain for Securing Internet of Things – A Layered Approach
The introduction of the Internet of Things ( IoT) in communication and data process-ing changes the application of technologies worldwide [1]. More people are now indulged in the internet, while IoT uses the medium to interact directly or indirectly with the user. The things can interact with each other, and by things, we mean bil-lions of unique devices. It is estimated that by 2025 IoT devices will cross 21 bil-lion [2]. They are more like watching, speaking, and listening to us. These things work under a small domain, but a ubiquitous implementation can execute numerous applications. Transforming these traditional purpose devices into smart devices, IoT provides the ground for vast computation, big data processing, and real-life services. Applications such as smart homes, smart transportation, smart power system, indus-trial ecosystems, and many more can come to practice with the power of IoT [3,4]. Generally, IoT devices use different types of networks like cloud, edge, fog comput-ing, and their IP address [5,6]. Moreover, for the massive heterogeneity of the connected devices, they use different types of data processing mechanisms. So, major issues regarding security, privacy, data management, data transmission, etc. have been raised. Furthermore, using these security gaps, intruders can get the advantage and alter information creating a hazard in the whole system. A lot of work has been conducted by the researchers to find solutions for such instances. Blockchain is the latest and one of the most fruitful generalized additions to these solutions [7,8]
5G and Internet of Things–Integration Trends, Opportunities, and Future Research Avenues
The Fifth Generation Communication System (5G) has revolutionized data (voice, text, and hybrid) transmission and communication. Advanced communication protocol and sophisticated technology open up the opportunity to integrate 5G with other state-of-the-art technologies. Similarly, the Internet of Things combines sensors, actuators, and other devices that network together to collect contextual and environmental data for application-specific purposes. Nowadays, the applications of IoT need a fast data transfer to ensure smooth service. 5G has the potential to achieve this function for IoT. However, the energy-efficient architecture and easy-to-manage 5G-enabled IoT are still developing. Hence, the potential vulnerability issues of 5G-enabled IoT architecture need to be studied. In this paper, firstly, we have comprehensively discussed the fundamental architecture and characteristics of the 5G ecosystem. Later, the paper comprehensively outlined the characteristics and layered architecture of the internet of things. Then, this chapter also explores the requirements of 5G-enabled IoT, Blockchain-based 5G IoT, and 5G with artificial intelligence. Followed by this discussion, the chapter investigates the opportunities of 5G IoT in different domains. Finally, this paper investigates and analyzes the research gaps, challenges, and probable solutions comprehensively in a tabular format.